Introduction to Dingshen High-Tech Woodworking CNC Router

 Dingshen High-Tech woodworking engraving machine is a device used in woodworking, advertising signage, furniture manufacturing, toy and gift manufacturing, decoration industry, and PCB production

A woodworking engraving machine is a type of CNC machine tool that utilizes computer numerical control technology to achieve automated engraving and cutting of materials such as wood [10]. It is widely used in furniture manufacturing, advertising signage, decoration, and other fields.

Common models such as 1325 have a carving range of approximately 1300×2500mm [1-3]. They adopt control systems such as Weihong, DSP, or Mach3 [5-6]. The driving methods include stepper motors and servo motors, with the latter offering higher precision. They are capable of multi-axis linkage operations and can process various materials such as hardwood, softwood, and metals

 Overview of Woodworking Engraving Machines Woodworking engraving machines are primarily used for wood processing, and the materials that can be processed include MDF, wood, plexiglass, PVC board, bi-color board, copper, aluminum, marble, crystal, etc. [3-4], enhancing their aesthetic value. There is a wide variety of woodworking engraving machines and numerous brands, leading to varying prices. These machines can be categorized in different ways: by control method, they are mainly divided into computer control, integrated machine control, and DSP handle control [5-6]; by mechanical structure, they can be classified into gantry-style and flatbed-style, etc. [10]; and by functional use, they can be divided into cutting machines, relief engraving machines, round engraving machines, etc. [8]. Styles are customized according to customer needs. These machines are suitable for woodworking, advertising signage, furniture manufacturing, toy and gift manufacturing, interior decoration, PCB production, etc. Modern mainstream woodworking engraving machines are mostly fully automatic Computer Numerical Control (CNC) devices, achieving automated processing through computer numerical control technology. They can automatically control the tool's movement path and engraving depth according to design drawings, performing precise cutting, engraving, drilling, and other operations [10]. Their core control systems mainly include Weihong, Mach3, DSP, and other types [5-6], and the drive system uses stepper motors or servo motors [7-8], combined with rack and screw transmission mechanisms [8]. Compared to traditional manual operations, they offer higher processing accuracy, production efficiency, and consistency, while reducing labor costs [9-10]. The mechanical structure of the bed structure is usually constructed with thick-walled square tubes or steel pipes, and designed through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). It adopts a gantry-style mobile structure and strengthens the tabletop to ensure the rigidity and stability of the entire machine, providing a basic platform for high-precision processing [3-4]. The mainstream design for transmission mode is to use precision rack transmission for the X and Y axes and screw transmission for the Z axis, achieving high-speed and high-precision motion control [2-4]. The running guide rails mostly use Taiwan's Shangyin square guide rails or imported linear guide rails, combined with double-row four-column ball bearings, featuring high load capacity, smooth operation, high precision, and long service life [2-4]. The mainstream control systems and functional control systems use computer control systems (such as Weihong NCstudio), DSP offline handle control systems, or integrated machine control systems [3-6], which have intelligent control functions such as breakpoint, power-off, and tool breakage continuation engraving [3-4]. Based on accuracy and cost requirements, the driving method can be selected from stepper motor, simple servo, or AC servo motor drive [3-4]. Servo motors are increasingly widely used in high-demand engraving scenarios due to their high precision and high response characteristics [7-8]. In terms of software compatibility with precision software, the control system typically has good compatibility with G-code instructions generated by various mainstream design software at home and abroad, such as MasterCAM, Type3, UG, AutoCAD, ArtCAM, Proe, and Jingdiao [3-4]. In terms of machining accuracy, the positioning accuracy can reach ±0.02mm to ±0.05mm [1-4]. Coupled with advanced curve prediction algorithms, it can ensure the speed and accuracy of complex curve operations [3-4]. In terms of operating speed, the maximum idle speed can reach 20-60 m/min, and the engraving speed can reach 8-20 m/min [1-4]. Tool selection and broadcasting editing. 1. Basis for selecting milling cutters: 1.1. Properties of the cutting material: The objects being cut for wood are solid wood and wood composites. Solid wood can be further divided into softwood, hardwood, and modified wood; wood composites include laminated veneer lumber, plywood, particleboard, oriented strand board, waferboard, gypsum particleboard, cement particleboard, hardboard, medium density fiberboard, high density fiberboard, blockboard, and glued laminated wood. Some wood or wood composite workpieces also undergo single-sided or double-sided veneer decoration treatment. 1.2. Cutting direction: When cutting solid wood, the cutting direction is divided into longitudinal, transverse, end-on, longitudinal-end-on, longitudinal-transverse, and transverse-end-on cutting based on the direction of the cutting edge relative to the wood fibers. 1.3. Tool rotation direction and feed direction: The inclination direction of the cutting edge on the tool is determined based on the rotation direction of the machine tool's tool shaft and the feed direction of the wood workpiece. 1.4. Tool and workpiece stability: The stability of the tool and workpiece during cutting includes several aspects. The stability of the workpiece refers to the smooth feeding of the wood workpiece during cutting without any jumping. Measures to enhance workpiece stability mainly include reducing the center of gravity of the workpiece and increasing the contact area. 1.5. Requirements for machined surface quality: The surface quality of wood workpieces includes surface roughness, geometric dimensions, and shape and position accuracy. 2 Selection of Woodworking Milling Cutter 1. Determine the main technical parameters of the milling cutter: tool outer diameter, machining thickness, center hole diameter, and other technical parameters such as number of teeth, rotation direction, rotation speed, feed rate, clamping method, and tooth material. 2. Select the structural form of the milling cutter: Based on the nature and requirements of the cutting object, comprehensively consider the technical and economic aspects to choose between solid milling cutters, welded solid milling cutters, assembled milling cutters, and composite milling cutters. 3. Selection of the rotation direction of the milling cutter: The rotation direction of the milling cutter is determined based on the rotation direction of the machining machine's spindle and the relative position of the tool axis and the feed workpiece. Whether it is a solid milling cutter or an assembled milling cutter, the inclination angle of the cutting edge relative to the radius of the milling cutter determines the rotation direction of the milling cutter. 4. Selection of the cutting parameters of the milling cutter: The cutting parameters of the milling cutter include the cutting speed of the milling cutter, the feed rate of the workpiece, and the milling depth. The cutting speed of the milling cutter depends on its rotational speed and radius. The feed rate of the workpiece depends on the requirements for the surface quality of the cutting process. The surface roughness of the cut workpiece largely depends on the feed per tooth of the milling cutter. If the feed per tooth is too large, the machined surface will be too rough; if it is too small, the machined surface may burn. Therefore, the feed per tooth of the milling cutter must be appropriate. 5. Stability of the milling cutter's operation: The stability of the milling cutter's operation is the foundation for ensuring machining accuracy and surface quality. This includes two aspects: one is the vibration of the milling cutter caused by external forces during cutting; the other is the deformation of the milling cutter under external forces. 6. Safety of milling cutter processing: The safety of milling cutter processing includes limiting the rotation speed of the milling cutter, limiting the thickness of the chip, limiting the height of the profile of the profile milling cutter, and limiting the thickness and protrusion of the blade of the assembled milling cutter. The characteristics of wood cutting are high-speed cutting, and the rotation speed of the milling cutter is often above 3000rpm. High-speed cutting brings high production efficiency and smooth surface quality to wood cutting. At the same time, it also brings a series of safety issues. Therefore, when the spindle speed of the milling machine reaches 9000rpm, assembled milling cutters should be prohibited except for those with shanks smaller than 16mm, and the weld seam of welded solid milling cutters should also undergo strict flaw detection inspection. The chip thickness limitation is a necessary measure to ensure that excessive feed rates of the milling cutter do not cause severe overload. For profile milling cutters, the height value of the profile contour is closely related to the clamping method of the milling cutter, the thickness of the workpiece being cut, and the diameter of the milling cutter. After the thickness of the workpiece being cut, the diameter of the milling cutter, and the center hole diameter are determined, the contour height of the milling cutter reflects its own strength and stiffness, as well as its ability to withstand cutting resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to impose a limit on the contour height to ensure the safety of the milling cutter during use. When designing the body of an assembled milling cutter, the clamping of the inserts must be considered. Whether it is a cylindrical or disc-type body, the insert clamping form must ensure that it can provide sufficient clamping force to resist rotational centrifugal force. The spindle motor is an important component of a computer engraving machine, and its performance has a crucial impact on the overall performance of the machine. Machining spindles are generally divided into two categories: precision machining spindles and high-power cutting spindles. 1. The characteristics of precision machining spindles are low noise, high speed, and high precision, making them suitable for machining particularly fine workpieces such as seals, nameplates, badges, and gifts. These motors are usually high-speed variable-frequency motors with relatively low power, generally below 250W. The disadvantage is that they have poor ability to cut thick materials and are not suitable for cutting thicker materials. 2. High-power cutting spindles are mainly used for cutting and high-power engraving, characterized by high power and strong cutting ability, especially suitable for cutting characters and three-dimensional characters. Of course, they can also be used to make badges, nameplates, seals, etc. These high-power spindles can generally be divided into brushless high-speed AC motors and brushed AC motors according to the characteristics of the motor. The main differences are: A. Brushless variable-frequency motors have high rotational speed, with a speed range of 700-60,000 rpm, while the maximum speed of general brushed AC motors does not exceed 24,000 rpm; B. Brushless variable-frequency motors have high rotational accuracy, low wear, and low noise, with noise significantly lower than brushed AC motors; C. Brushless variable-frequency motors have good locked-rotor characteristics. Due to the special current limiting circuit on the frequency converter, short-term locked-rotor will not burn out the motor, while brushed AC motors will quickly smoke and burn out during overload operation or locked-rotor, and cannot be repaired; D. Brushless variable frequency motors, utilizing variable frequency control technology for speed regulation, are professional-grade products with a long lifespan. The manufacturer provides a one-year free replacement guarantee, and the motor can also be maintained by replacing the high-speed bearing in the future. In contrast, brushed AC motors require replacement of the motor or motor carbon brush after approximately 300 hours of use, making carbon brush AC motors typically not covered by warranty even for a single day. There are three options for control mode and speed selection: A. All computational work is controlled by a computer. B. Control is implemented using a single-chip microcomputer. C. Data is transmitted through a USB port, and the system has a memory capacity of over 32M. Large-format engraving machines must use widened imported square guide rails, whose load capacity and precision retention are more than 30 times that of round guide rails, ensuring high-quality and high-speed engraving machines. Precision Small-format machines engrave 1mm Chinese characters, or large-format machines engrave 1.5mm small characters, which must be clearly visible under a magnifying glass. The current mainstream control systems for engraving machines are divided into three categories: computer control, integrated machine control, and DSP handle control. [6] Computer control systems typically require connection to an external computer for operation and can be used for engraving and processing various materials such as advertising, woodworking, stone, and jade. [5-6] DSP control systems can operate offline, have built-in storage space, support continuous processing, and possess file checking and system diagnostic functions. They are suitable for engraving machines with four-axis linkage, and their tool setting operations are relatively simple, but the user interface is mainly based on code or simple menus. [5-6] Integrated machine control systems integrate industrial computers or programmable logic controllers, with multiple types of interfaces, enabling multi-axis control and automatic tool change. Their anti-interference ability, processing performance, and control accuracy are usually high. [6] In woodworking engraving machines, servo motors typically have higher motion accuracy than stepper motors, helping to reduce wave marks, burrs, and other phenomena during processing. Their drives can have functions such as error alarm and multi-axis synchronization.